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di- 31 hentriaconta- 3 tri- 32 dotriaconta- 4 tetra- 33 tritriaconta- 5 penta- 34 tetratriaconta- 6 hexa- 40 tetraconta- 7 hepta- 50 pentaconta- 8 octa- 60 hexaconta- 9 nona- 70 heptaconta- 10 deca- 80 octaconta- 11 undeca- 90 nonaconta- 12 dodeca- 100 hecta- 13 trideca- 200 dicta- 14 tetradeca- 300 tricta- 15 pentadeca- 400 tetracta- 16 hexadeca-
The IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry, for example, uses the numerical prefixes derived from Greek, except for the prefix for 9 (as mentioned) and the prefixes from 1 to 4 (meth-, eth-, prop-, and but-), which are not derived from words for numbers.
The names "caffeine" and "3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione" both signify the same chemical compound.The systematic name encodes the structure and composition of the caffeine molecule in some detail, and provides an unambiguous reference to this compound, whereas the name "caffeine" simply names it.
Thus, NCl 3 is termed nitrogen trichloride, BF 3 is termed boron trifluoride, and P 2 O 5 is termed diphosphorus pentoxide (although the a of the prefix penta-should actually not be omitted before a vowel: the IUPAC Red Book 2005 page 69 states, "The final vowels of multiplicative prefixes should not be elided (although "monoxide", rather than ...
The number of ligands coordinating is indicated by the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra- penta- etc. for simple ligands or bis-, tris-, tetrakis-, etc. for complex ligands. For example: For example: [CoCl(NH 3 ) 5 ]Cl 2 pentaamminechloridocobalt(3+) chloride where ammine (NH 3 )precedes chloride.
(The multiplier prefixes di-, tri-, etc. are not taken into consideration for grouping alphabetically. For example, ethyl comes before dihydroxy or dimethyl, as the "e" in "ethyl" precedes the "h" in "dihydroxy" and the "m" in "dimethyl" alphabetically. The "di" is not considered in either case).
The number of isomers for mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, and decabromodiphenyl ethers are 3, 12, 24, 42, 46, 42, 24, 12, 3 and 1, respectively. [ 5 ] Lower-brominated PBDEs with 1–4 bromine atoms per molecule are regarded as more dangerous because they more efficiently bioaccumulate .
In this case the number n (which is between 1 and 6) is indicated by a multiplier prefix (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, or hexa-). The unqualified term "hydroxynaphthoquinone" usually means a derivative of 1,4-naphthoquinone .