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mono- 30 triaconta- 2 di- 31 hentriaconta- 3 tri- 32 dotriaconta- 4 tetra- 33 tritriaconta- 5 penta- 34 tetratriaconta- 6 hexa- 40 tetraconta- 7 hepta- 50 pentaconta- 8 octa- 60 hexaconta- 9 nona- 70 heptaconta- 10 deca- 80 octaconta- 11 undeca- 90 nonaconta- 12 dodeca- 100 hecta- 13 trideca- 200 dicta- 14 tetradeca- 300 tricta- 15 pentadeca- 400
In the following prefixes, a final vowel is normally dropped before a root that begins with a vowel, with the exceptions of bi-, which is extended to bis-before a vowel; among the other monosyllables, du-, di-, dvi-, and tri-, never vary.
The longest possible main alkane chain is used; therefore 3-ethyl-4-methylhexane instead of 2,3-diethylpentane, even though these describe equivalent structures. The di-, tri- etc. prefixes are ignored for the purpose of alphabetical ordering of side chains (e.g. 3-ethyl-2,4-dimethylpentane, not 2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylpentane).
The names "caffeine" and "3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione" both signify the same chemical compound.The systematic name encodes the structure and composition of the caffeine molecule in some detail, and provides an unambiguous reference to this compound, whereas the name "caffeine" simply names it.
The Greek/Latin numeral prefixes (mono-/uni-, di-/bi-, tri-/ter-, and so on) are used to describe ions in the charge states 1, 2, 3, and so on, respectively. Polyvalence or multivalence refers to species that are not restricted to a specific number of valence bonds. Species with a single charge are univalent (monovalent).
Stoichiometric names are the simplest and reflect either the empirical formula or the molecular formula. The ordering of the elements follows the formal electronegativity list for binary compounds and electronegativity list to group the elements into two classes which are then alphabetically sequenced. The proportions are specified by di-, tri ...
Crotonic acid has 4 carbons, is included in croton oil, and is a trans-2-mono-unsaturated fatty acid.C 3 H 5 CO 2 H, IUPAC organization name (E)-but-2-enoic acid, trans-but-2-enoic acid, numerical representation 4:1, n-1, molecular weight 86.09, melting point 72–74 °C, boiling point 180–181 °C, specific gravity 1.027.
The elementary formula of a simple monosaccharide is C n H 2n O n, where the integer n is at least 3 and rarely greater than 7. Simple monosaccharides may be named generically based on the number of carbon atoms n: trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses, etc.