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In arithmetic and algebra, the fifth power or sursolid [1] of a number n is the result of multiplying five instances of n together: n 5 = n × n × n × n × n. Fifth powers are also formed by multiplying a number by its fourth power, or the square of a number by its cube. The sequence of fifth powers of integers is:
For the special case of a square of a planar graph, Wegner conjectured in 1977 that the chromatic number of the square of a planar graph is at most max(Δ + 5, 3Δ / 2 + 1), and it is known that the chromatic number is at most 5Δ / 3 + O(1). [6] [7] More generally, for any graph with degeneracy d and maximum degree Δ, the ...
For example, 3 5 = 3 · 3 · 3 · 3 · 3 = 243. The base 3 appears 5 times in the multiplication, because the exponent is 5. Here, 243 is the 5th power of 3, or 3 raised to the 5th power. The word "raised" is usually omitted, and sometimes "power" as well, so 3 5 can be simply read "3 to the 5th", or "3 to the 5".
Steiner used the power of a point for proofs of several statements on circles, for example: Determination of a circle, that intersects four circles by the same angle. [2] Solving the Problem of Apollonius; Construction of the Malfatti circles: [3] For a given triangle determine three circles, which touch each other and two sides of the triangle ...
Often replaced by a horizontal bar. For example, 3 / 2 or . 2. Denotes a quotient structure. For example, quotient set, quotient group, quotient category, etc. 3. In number theory and field theory, / denotes a field extension, where F is an extension field of the field E. 4.
These conventions are used in combinatorics, [4] although Knuth's underline and overline notations _ and ¯ are increasingly popular. [ 2 ] [ 5 ] In the theory of special functions (in particular the hypergeometric function ) and in the standard reference work Abramowitz and Stegun , the Pochhammer symbol ( x ) n {\displaystyle (x)_{n}} is used ...
The dual graph of a line arrangement has one node per cell and one edge linking any pair of cells that share an edge of the arrangement. These graphs are partial cubes, graphs in which the nodes can be labeled by bitvectors in such a way that the graph distance equals the Hamming distance between labels.
One of the central questions of graph theory concerns the notion of isomorphism. We ask: When are two graphs the same? (i.e., graph isomorphism) The graphs in question may be expressed differently in terms of graph equations. [1] What are the graphs G and H such that the line graph of G is same as the total graph of H?