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Taiga or tayga (/ ˈ t aɪ ɡ ə / TY-gə; Russian: тайга́, IPA:), also known as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. The taiga, or boreal forest, is the world's largest land biome. [1]
Boreal forest near Shovel Point in Tettegouche State Park, along the northern shore of Lake Superior in Minnesota. A boreal ecosystem is an ecosystem with a subarctic climate located in the Northern Hemisphere , approximately between 50° and 70°N latitude .
This vast ecoregion is located in the heart of Siberia, stretching over 20° of latitude and 50° of longitude [1] (52° to 72° N, and 80° to 130° E). The climate in the East Siberian taiga is subarctic (the trees growing there are coniferous and deciduous) and displays high continentality, with extremes ranging from 40 °C (104 °F) to −65 °C (−85 °F) and possibly lower.
World’s Largest Boreal Protected Forest (PDF) (Map). Alberta Parks; New Park Provides Needed Safeguards for One of Canada's 10 Longest Wild Rivers, World Wildlife Fund, 17 May 2018 "World's Largest Boreal Protected Forest". Alberta Parks. 14 November 2018. Campbell, Carolyn (June 2018). "New Northeast Wildland Provincial Parks".
Boreal forests occur in the more southern parts of the taiga ecoregion that spreads across the northern parts of the world. Canada's boreal forest is a vast region comprising about one third of the circumpolar boreal forest that rings the Northern Hemisphere, mostly north of the 50th parallel. [1]
The tropical domain has the largest proportion of the world's forests (45 percent), followed by the boreal, temperate and subtropical domains. More than half (54 percent) of the world's forests is in only five countries – the Russian Federation (20.1%), Brazil (12.2%), Canada (8.6%), the United States of America (7.6%) and China (5.4%). [2]
60% of the land in the European Union part of the region is covered by forest, but most of this is commercial plantings. Less than 5-10% of the forest is old growth. The typical western taiga forest contains Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) growing on shallow soil covered in moss, lichen and ericaceous shrubs. [1]
The Boreal forest and its alpine cousins are host to a wide variety of deer, ranging from the large moose to the whitetail deer. All of these large herbivores prefer the cool forest lest they overheat in the sun, but all need open land on which to graze. Of the deer, moose are perhaps best adapted to wetlands and thrive in the boggy boreal forest.