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Arduino (/ ɑː r ˈ d w iː n oʊ /) is an Italian open-source hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices.
The word "uno" means "one" in Italian and was chosen to mark a major redesign of the Arduino hardware and software. [7] The Uno board was the successor of the Duemilanove release and was the 9th version in a series of USB-based Arduino boards. [8] Version 1.0 of the Arduino IDE for the Arduino Uno board has now evolved to newer releases. [4]
The original Arduin suite of supplements, dungeon modules, and gaming aids were initially self-published (1977–78), but were then later produced by Grimoire Games. Dragon Tree Press produced four further Arduin supplements in the mid-1980s before the Arduin rights and properties were purchased by David Bukata and George De Rosa of Emperors Choice Games and Miniatures in 1998.
A "control logic" module that defines "the opcodes the processor recognizes and what happens when it executes each instruction," [5] as well as enabling the computer to be Turing-complete. The CPU microcodes are programmed into EEPROMs using an Arduino microcontroller.
Open source hardware based on the Arduino hardware platform; The original version was 1.6 mm thick, with the height and width of a credit card; Games published on Arduboy Arcade are free, open source and available to be edited 'Arduboy FX', an upgraded version, includes a flash memory chip that stores over 250 games on the device itself; 2016 [72]
These devices are widely used and recommended for general-purpose power-frequency rectifier use. [11] [12] They are commonly used as rectifiers in AC adapters of electrical appliances to convert AC to DC, [13] and are also used in other types of power converters, [2] or as freewheeling diodes to protect circuits from inductive loads.
The ATmega1280 and ATmega2560, with more pinout and memory capabilities, have also been employed to develop the Arduino Mega platform. Arduino boards can be used with its language and IDE, or with more conventional programming environments (C, assembler, etc.) as just standardized and widely available AVR platforms.
One book credits TI engineers Gary Boone and Michael Cochran with the successful creation of the first microcontroller in 1971. The result of their work was the TMS 1000, which became commercially available in 1974. It combined read-only memory, read/write memory, processor and clock on one chip and was targeted at embedded systems.