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Coxsackie B is a group of six serotypes of coxsackievirus (CVB1-CVB6), a pathogenic enterovirus, that trigger illnesses ranging from a mild febrile rash to full-fledged pericarditis and myocarditis (coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy). [1] [2] The genome of Coxsackie B virus consists of approximately 7,400 base pairs. [3]
Coxsackieviruses are divided into group A and group B viruses based on early observations of their pathogenicity in neonatal mice. [1] Group A coxsackieviruses were noted to cause a flaccid paralysis (which was caused by generalized myositis) while group B coxsackieviruses were noted to cause a spastic paralysis (due to focal muscle injury and degeneration of neuronal tissue).
Coxsackie B4 virus are enteroviruses that belong to the Picornaviridae family. These viruses can be found worldwide. They are positive-sense, single-stranded, non-enveloped RNA viruses with icosahedral geometry. Coxsackieviruses have two groups, A and B, each associated with different diseases.
There are 81 non-polio and 3 polio enteroviruses that can cause disease in humans. Of the 81 non-polio types, there are 22 Coxsackie A viruses, 6 Coxsackie B viruses, 28 echoviruses, and 25 other enteroviruses. [3] Poliovirus, as well as coxsackie and echovirus, is spread through the fecal–oral route.
Bornholm disease, also known as epidemic pleurodynia, [1] is a condition characterized by myositis of the abdomen or chest caused by the Coxsackie B virus or other viruses. [2] The myositis manifests as an intermittent stabbing pain in the musculature that is seen primarily in children and young adults.
CAR is a receptor for both Coxsackie B virus and adenovirus 2 and 5, which are structurally distinct. [22] In patients with myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy, elevated Coxsackie B2 viral nucleic acids have been detected in myocardial biopsy samples. [23]
Herpangina, also called mouth blisters, is a painful mouth infection caused by coxsackieviruses.Usually, herpangina is produced by one particular strain of coxsackie virus A (and the term "herpangina virus" refers to coxsackievirus A), [1] but it can also be caused by coxsackievirus B or echoviruses. [2]
Coxsackie-induced cardiomyopathy is a potential result of virally induced myocarditis. This cardiomyopathy may present with symptoms such as chest pain, fatigue, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmias or sudden death. [7] These symptoms are a by-product of sustained cardiac muscle damage.