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Relationship of presenting part to maternal pelvis based on presentation. The fetus enters the pelvis in the occipito-transverse plane (left or right), descent, and flexion and then rotates 90 degrees to the occipitoanterior (most commonly). Cephalic presentation. Vertex presentation with longitudinal lie: [1]
In obstetrics, a cephalic presentation or head presentation or head-first presentation is a situation at childbirth where the fetus is in a longitudinal lie and the head enters the pelvis first; the most common form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation, where the occiput is the leading part (the part that first enters the birth canal). [1]
Asynclitic presentation is not the same as shoulder presentation, where the shoulder enters first. Fetal head asynclitism may affect the progression of labor, increase the need for obstetrical intervention, and be associated with difficult instrumental delivery. [ 3 ]
A breech presentation at delivery occurs when the fetus does not turn to a cephalic presentation. [13] This failure to change presentation can result from endogenous and exogenous factors. Endogenous factors involve fetal inability to adequately move, whereas exogenous factors refer to insufficient intrauterine space available for fetal movements.
In obstetrics, position is the orientation of the fetus in the womb, identified by the location of the presenting part of the fetus relative to the pelvis of the mother. . Conventionally, it is the position assumed by the fetus before the process of birth, as the fetus assumes various positions and postures during the course of chil
[1] [4] Impacted shoulder presentations contribute to maternal mortality. [5] Obviously a cesarean section should be performed before the baby has died, but even when the baby has died or impaction has occurred, C/S is the method of choice of delivery, as alternative methods of delivery are potentially too traumatic for the mother.
Childbirth positions (or maternal birthing positions) [1] are the physical postures that the pregnant mother may assume during the process of childbirth. They may also be referred to as delivery positions or labor positions .
The fetal head, from an obstetrical viewpoint, and in particular its size, is important because an essential feature of labor is the adaptation between the fetal head and the maternal bony pelvis. Only a comparatively small part of the head at term is represented by the face.