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  2. Neoplatonism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplatonism

    The term neoplatonism implies that Plotinus' interpretation of Plato was so distinct from those of his predecessors that it should be thought to introduce a new period in the history of Platonism. Some contemporary scholars, however, have taken issue with this assumption and have doubted that neoplatonism constitutes a useful label. They claim ...

  3. Porphyrian tree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyrian_tree

    Porphyrian trees by three authors: Purchotius (1730), Boethius (6th century), and Ramon Llull (ca. 1305). In philosophy (particularly the theory of categories), the Porphyrian tree or Tree of Porphyry is a classic device for illustrating a "scale of being" (Latin: scala praedicamentalis), attributed to the 3rd-century CE Greek neoplatonist philosopher and logician Porphyry, and revived through ...

  4. Platonism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonism

    Geometry was the main motivation of Plato, and this also shows the influence of Pythagoras. The Forms are typically described in dialogues such as the Phaedo, Symposium and Republic as perfect archetypes of which objects in the everyday world are imperfect copies. Aristotle's Third Man Argument is its most famous criticism in antiquity.

  5. Mathematical visualization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_visualization

    The Mandelbrot set, one of the most famous examples of mathematical visualization.. Mathematical phenomena can be understood and explored via visualization.Classically, this consisted of two-dimensional drawings or building three-dimensional models (particularly plaster models in the 19th and early 20th century).

  6. Neoplatonism and Gnosticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplatonism_and_Gnosticism

    Neoplatonism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy that took shape in the 3rd century, based on the teachings of Plato and some of his early followers. While Gnosticism was influenced by Middle Platonism , neoplatonists from the third century onward rejected Gnosticism.

  7. Mathematical diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_diagram

    Any such diagram (given that the vertices are labeled) uniquely determines a partial order, and any partial order has a unique transitive reduction, but there are many possible placements of elements in the plane, resulting in different Hasse diagrams for a given order that may have widely varying appearances. Knot diagram.

  8. Graph labeling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_labeling

    Formally, given a graph G = (V, E), a vertex labeling is a function of V to a set of labels; a graph with such a function defined is called a vertex-labeled graph. Likewise, an edge labeling is a function of E to a set of labels.

  9. Theory of forms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_forms

    For example, there are countless tables in the world but the Form of tableness is at the core; it is the essence of all of them. [13] Plato's Socrates held that the world of Forms is transcendent to our own world (the world of substances) and also is the essential basis of reality.