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Inhaled corticosteroid therapy can reduce sputum production and decrease airway constriction over a period of time, helping prevent progression of bronchiectasis. [19] Long term use of high-dose inhaled corticosteroids can lead to adverse consequences such as cataracts and osteoporosis. [3] It is not recommended for routine use in children. [75]
[4] [5] [6] Due to its rarity it presents a difficulty in adult diagnoses, and its initial presentation can be confused with septic shock. [7] Diagnosis requires an appropriate clinical history, the characteristic expiratory airway collapse on radiological investigation, and exclusion of other causes of congenital and acquired bronchiectasis.
Bronchiolitis obliterans results in worsening shortness of breath, wheezing, and a dry cough.The symptoms can start gradually, or severe symptoms can occur suddenly. [9] [10] These symptoms represent an obstructive pattern that is non-reversible with bronchodilator therapy, and need to be related to various lung insults. [11]
Diagnosis of obstructive disease requires several factors depending on the exact disease being diagnosed. However one commonality between them is an FEV1/FVC ratio less than 0.7, i.e. the inability to exhale 70% of their breath within one second. [11] Following is an overview of the main obstructive lung diseases.
Other causes can include acid reflux, asthma, allergies, or other chronic medical conditions, adds Richard Watkins, M.D., an infectious disease physician and professor of medicine at the Northeast ...
Reticular pattern with peripheral traction bronchiectasis or bronchiolectasis; There may be mild ground-glass opacity; Indeterminate for UIP: [4] Predominantly subpleural and basal; Subtle reticular pattern; May have mild ground-glass opacity or distortion (“early UIP pattern”) Findings suggestive of another diagnosis, including: [4]