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Polyhydramnios is a medical condition describing an excess of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac.It is seen in about 1% of pregnancies. [1] [2] [3] It is typically diagnosed when the amniotic fluid index (AFI) is greater than 24 cm. [4] [5] There are two clinical varieties of polyhydramnios: chronic polyhydramnios where excess amniotic fluid accumulates gradually, and acute polyhydramnios ...
Kagami-Ogata syndrome is a rare genetic disease that is caused by mutations on Maternal chromosome 14 or by paternal UPD(14). [1] The main signs of this disease are: polyhydramnios, narrow bell-shaped thorax, coat-hanger-like ribs, abdominal wall defect, enlarged placenta. [2]
The blood volume of the recipient twin is increased, which can strain the fetus's heart and eventually lead to heart failure, and also higher than normal urinary output, which can lead to excess amniotic fluid (becoming polyhydramnios). The demise of the fetus is typically a result of ischemia related to the lack of
In an anatomically correct heart the atria are smaller than the ventricles. The ventricles include more muscle in order to push high quantities of blood throughout the body. Normal blood flow throughout the heart begins at the superior vena cava coming from the upper half of the body and the inferior vena cava coming from the lower half of the ...
Your heart valves control the way blood flows in and out of your heart and through the four chambers of your heart. Valvular heart disease occurs when any of the valves in your heart are damaged.
A heart valve is a biological one-way valve that allows blood to flow in one direction through the chambers of the heart. A mammalian heart usually has four valves. Together, the valves determine the direction of blood flow through the heart. Heart valves are opened or closed by a difference in blood pressure on each side. [1] [2] [3]
The fetal symptoms are related to fluid retention, including ascites and polyhydramnios. [3] Fetal hydrops suggests the presence of an important and probably fatal fetal pathology . It can be associated with parvovirus B19 infection and with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome .
Heart conditions that noncompaction cardiomyopathy needs to be distinguished from include other types of congenital heart disease (which may coexist); other causes of heart failure, like dilated cardiomyopathy; and alternative causes of increased myocardial thickness, like hypertrophic or hypertensive cardiomyopathy. [2] [15]