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Social proof (or informational social influence) is a psychological and social phenomenon wherein people copy the actions of others in choosing how to behave in a given situation. The term was coined by Robert Cialdini in his 1984 book Influence: Science and Practice .
It is the most common and pervasive form of social influence. Social psychology research in conformity tends to distinguish between two varieties: informational conformity (also called social proof, or "internalization" in Kelman's terms ) and normative conformity ("compliance" in Kelman's terms). [4]
The expression became one of the best-known phrases in the history of the Supreme Court. [4] Though "I know it when I see it" is widely cited as Stewart's test for "obscenity", he did not use the word "obscenity" himself in his short concurrence, but stated that he knew what fit the "shorthand description" of "hard-core pornography" when he saw it.
For Marcel Mauss, Durkheim's nephew and sometime collaborator, a total social fact (French fait social total) is "an activity that has implications throughout society, in the economic, legal, political, and religious spheres." [8] Diverse strands of social and psychological life are woven together through what he came to call total social facts.
Social heuristics can include heuristics that use social information, operate in social contexts, or both. [11] Examples of social information include information about the behavior of a social entity or the properties of a social system, while nonsocial information is information about something physical.
Social history, often called "history from below", is a field of history that looks at the lived experience of the past. Historians who write social history are ...
The field of social contagion has been repeatedly criticized for lacking a clear and widely accepted definition, even though any area of research is marked by definitional variation, and for sometimes involving work that does not distinguish between contagion and other forms of social influence, like command and compliance, or from the ...
The PLATO system was launched in 1960 at the University of Illinois and subsequently commercially marketed by Control Data Corporation.It offered early forms of social media features with innovations such as Notes, PLATO's message-forum application; TERM-talk, its instant-messaging feature; Talkomatic, perhaps the first online chat room; News Report, a crowdsourced online newspaper, and blog ...