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To induce general anesthesia, propofol is the drug used almost exclusively, having largely replaced sodium thiopental. [13]It is often administered as part of an anesthesia maintenance technique called total intravenous anesthesia, using either manually programmed infusion pumps or computer-controlled infusion pumps in a process called target controlled infusion (TCI).
Propofol (di-isopropyl phenol) was synthesized by Glen and colleagues in the early 1970s, [7] but its first formulations were temporarily withdrawn due to a number of adverse reactions during clinical studies. [1] In 1983, a lipid emulsion formulation of propofol was available, which carried great potential during clinical trials. [8]
Adverse effects include dry mouth and blurry vision. Care must be taken when handling the patch, as transfer of medication to the eye can induce pupillary dilation. Avoid use in elderly patients. Medications include scopolamine. Glucocorticoids have direct antiemetic effects and can reduce need for postoperative opioids. Adverse effects include ...
Signs and symptoms will vary depending on the type of allergy. Type 1 reactions have a rapid onset of symptoms which include swelling, redness, rashes, itchiness, chest tightness, breathing problems. A Type 4 reaction has a delayed onset of symptoms and is usually localized to the site of injection.
Propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) is a rare syndrome which affects patients undergoing long-term treatment with high doses of the anaesthetic and sedative drug propofol. It can lead to cardiac failure , rhabdomyolysis , metabolic acidosis , and kidney failure , and is often fatal.
[1] [2] Patients observe these symptoms and seek medical advice from healthcare professionals. Because most people are not diagnostically trained or knowledgeable, they typically describe their symptoms in layman's terms, rather than using specific medical terminology. This list is not exhaustive.
Cases have risen dramatically over last decade, according to recent research
Propofol is also painful when administered intravenously, therefore, lidocaine is commonly used as a pretreatment to help decrease the pain associated with administering propofol. [ dubious – discuss ] Additionally, it [ clarification needed ] has antiemetic properties that are also useful in these types of procedures.