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As such, the distinction between the terms anabolic steroid and androgen is questionable, and this is the basis for the revised and more recent term anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS). [70] [75] [218] David Handelsman has criticized terminology and understanding surrounding AAS in many publications.
Introduction of double bonds between the C9 and C10 positions and between the C11 and C12 positions can confer greatly increased potency. Examples: trenbolone, metribolone, dimethyltrienolone, tetrahydrogestrinone. Introduction of a methyl group at the C7α position can increase potency and prevent 5α-reduction.
The 17α-ethenylated (vinylated) testosterone derivative norvinisterone (vinylnortestosterone) is much more potent as an AAS than the 17α-ethynylated testosterone derivatives and is intermediate in potency between the 17α-ethynylated progestins and conventional AAS, with approximately one-third and one-fifth of the respective androgenic and ...
The classifications of substances as performance-enhancing substances are not entirely clear-cut and objective. As in other types of categorization, certain prototype performance enhancers are universally classified as such (like anabolic steroids), whereas other substances (like vitamins and protein supplements) are virtually never classified as performance enhancers despite their effects on ...
The metabolic clearance rate of a steroid is defined as the volume of blood that has been completely cleared of the hormone per unit time. The production rate of a steroid hormone refers to entry into the blood of the compound from all possible sources, including secretion from glands and conversion of prohormones into the steroid of interest ...
Metenolone esters are synthetic androgens and anabolic steroids and hence are agonists of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). [6] [8] They have moderate anabolic effects and weak androgenic effects, as well as no estrogenic effects or risk of liver damage.
A 2006 study determined that 1-testosterone has a high androgenic and anabolic potency even without being metabolized, so it can be characterized as a typical anabolic steroid. 1-Testosterone binds in a manner that is highly selective to the androgen receptor (AR) and has a high potency to stimulate AR-dependent transactivation.
Steroid ring system. This is a list of androgens/anabolic steroids (AAS) or testosterone derivatives. Esters are mostly not included in this list; for esters, see here instead. The major classes of testosterone derivatives include the following (as well as combinations thereof):