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Dryopteris / d r aɪ ˈ ɒ p t ə r ɪ s /, [2] commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to Dryopteris filix-mas), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Dryopteridoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). [3]
Dryopteris expansa, the alpine buckler fern, northern buckler-fern [1] or spreading wood fern, is a species of perennial fern native to cool temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, south at high altitudes in mountains to Spain and Greece in southern Europe, to Japan in eastern Asia, and to central California in North America.
Dryopteris dilatata, the broad buckler-fern, [1] is a robust species of deciduous or semievergreen fern in the family Dryopteridaceae, native to Europe, particularly western and central Europe. In southern Europe, it is mostly found in mountainous regions.
It is known as the narrow buckler-fern in the United Kingdom, [2] and as the spinulose woodfern in North America. [ 3 ] It is a tetraploid of hybrid origin, one parent being Dryopteris intermedia , known in North America as the intermediate wood fern, and an unknown, apparently extinct species dubbed Dryopteris semicristata , which is also the ...
Dryopteris aemula grows as a crown of fronds arising from a short ascending rhizome.. The rachis is dark purple-brown with red-brown lanceolate scales. Leaves are tri-pinnate, triangular-ovate or triangular-lanceolate, 15–60 cm (5.9–23.6 in) long, often arching, semi-evergreen and pale yellow-green.
Dryopteris villarii, commonly known as the rigid buckler fern, [2] is a perennial leptosporangiate fern native to Central and South East Europe as well as the Western Caucasus. It was first described in 1915.
It is known as crested wood fern, [3] crested buckler-fern [4] or crested shieldfern. [1] This plant is a tetraploid species of hybrid origin, one parent being Dryopteris ludoviciana and the other being the unknown, apparently extinct species, dubbed Dryopteris semicristata , which is also one of the presumed parents of Dryopteris carthusiana .
House holly-fern Cyrtomium falcatum: Introduced Hay-scented buckler-fern Dryopteris aemula: Native Scaly male-fern Dryopteris affinis: Native Narrow buckler-fern Dryopteris carthusiana: Native Crested buckler-fern Dryopteris cristata: Native Broad buckler-fern Dryopteris dilatata: Native Northern buckler-fern Dryopteris expansa: Native Male-fern