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[1] [7] HPV16 is responsible for almost 90% of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers. [3] Between 60% and 90% of the other cancers listed above are also linked to HPV. [7] HPV6 and HPV11 are common causes of genital warts and laryngeal papillomatosis. [1] An HPV infection is caused by the human papillomavirus, a DNA virus from the papillomavirus ...
The highest-risk types are HPV 16 and 18; these are responsible for the vast majority of HPV-related cancers, including cancers of the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, anus, and head and neck.
The nonavalent provides additional protection against HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58. [22] It is estimated that HPV vaccines may prevent 70% of cervical cancer, 80% of anal cancer, 60% of vaginal cancer, 40% of vulvar cancer, and show more than 90% effectiveness in preventing HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers.
HPV+OPC presents in one of four ways: as an asymptomatic abnormality in the mouth found by the patient or a health professional such as a dentist; with local symptoms such as pain or infection at the site of the tumor; with difficulties of speech, swallowing, and/or breathing; or as a swelling in the neck (if the cancer has spread to lymph nodes).
[23]: 668 The vaccines are between 92% and 100% effective against HPV 16 and 18 up to at least 8 years. [52] HPV vaccines are typically given to ages 9 to 26, as the vaccine is most effective if given before infection occurs. The primary target group in most of the countries recommending HPV vaccination is young adolescent girls, aged 9-14. [16]
HPV type 16 is responsible for almost 90% of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers, [22] and the prevalence is higher in males than females. [22] Though Gardasil does not treat existing infection, vaccination is still recommended for HPV-positive individuals, as it may protect against one or more different strains of the disease. [23]
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer awareness and prevention is a vital concept from a public and community health perspective. HPV is the sexually transmitted virus that is known to be the cause of genital warts. There are currently more than 100 different strains of HPV, half of which can cause genital infections. [1]
In England, the NHS cervical screening programme is available to women aged 25 to 64; women aged 25 to 49 receive an invitation every 3 years and women aged 50 to 64 receive an invitation every 5 years to undergo HPV testing. [15] [16] If there is a positive HPV test result, then patients undergo further cytology (Pap smear). [15]