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  2. Focalisation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focalisation

    In narratology, focalisation is the perspective through which a narrative is presented, as opposed to an omniscient narrator. [1] Coined by French narrative theorist Gérard Genette, his definition distinguishes between internal focalisation (first-person) and external focalisation (third-person, fixed on the actions of and environments around a character), with zero focalisation representing ...

  3. Foil (narrative) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foil_(narrative)

    Don Quixote and his sidekick Sancho Panza, as illustrated by Gustave Doré: the characters' contrasting qualities [1] are reflected here even in their physical appearances. In any narrative, a foil is a character who contrasts with another character, typically, a character who contrasts with the protagonist, in order to better highlight or differentiate certain qualities of the protagonist.

  4. Text types - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_types

    The common structure or basic plan of narrative text is known as the "story grammar". Although there are numerous variations of the story grammar, the typical elements are: Settings – when and where the story occurs. Characters – the most important people or characters in the story.

  5. List of story structures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_story_structures

    Rev. J.K. Brennan wrote his essay "The General Design of Plays for the book 'The Delphian Course'" (1912) for the Delphian Society. [60] For the essay, he describes what the diagram and the play of Antigone look like. He outlines eight parts of a play which are: The Exposition: This part tells what has happened before the stage action begins.

  6. Literary criticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_criticism

    The British Romantic movement of the early nineteenth century introduced new aesthetic ideas to literary studies, including the idea that the object of literature need not always be beautiful, noble, or perfect, but that literature itself could enlighten and add to the knowledge of a common subject to the level of the sublime.

  7. Literal and figurative language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_and_figurative...

    Uses of figurative language, or figures of speech, can take multiple forms, such as simile, metaphor, hyperbole, and many others. [12] Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature says that figurative language can be classified in five categories: resemblance or relationship, emphasis or understatement, figures of sound, verbal games, and errors.

  8. Schaffer method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaffer_method

    The Jane Schaffer method is a formula for essay writing that is taught in some U.S. middle schools and high schools.Developed by a San Diego teacher named Jane Schaffer, who started offering training and a 45-day curriculum in 1995, it is intended to help students who struggle with structuring essays by providing a framework.

  9. Empiricism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricism

    Without specific primary qualities, an object would not be what it is. For example, an apple is an apple because of the arrangement of its atomic structure. If an apple were structured differently, it would cease to be an apple. Secondary qualities are the sensory information we can perceive from its primary qualities.