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Oxymercuration can be fully described in three steps (the whole process is sometimes called deoxymercuration), which is illustrated in stepwise fashion to the right. In the first step, the nucleophilic double bond attacks the mercury ion, ejecting an acetoxy group.
The process can be divided into four stages: Initiation the process of generating the initial free radical. Propagation the conversion of one active species to another Chain branching steps which end with more than one active species being produced. The photolysis of hydroperoxides is the main example.
This process utilizes anti addition of an OH group to the more substituted carbon, making this reaction a Markovnikov reaction. Alkyne hydroboration-oxidation: In this reaction, a disiamylborane reaction, disiamylborane is added to one face of the triple bond. The boron atom attaches to the less substituted carbon, and later forms a bond ...
The process thus in its essence is similar to distillation, however the material which is condensed on the cooler surface then has to be removed mechanically, thus requiring different laboratory equipment. Bioleaching is the extraction of metals from their ores through the use of living organisms. Separation process. From Crystallization
Oxidation is the process of an element losing electrons. For example, iron will transfer two of its electrons to oxygen, forming an oxide. This occurs all throughout as an unintended part of the steelmaking process. Oxygen blowing is a method of steelmaking where oxygen is blown through pig iron to lower the carbon content.
Autoxidation is therefore a fairly broad term and can encompass examples of photooxygenation and catalytic oxidation. The common mechanism is a free radical chain reaction, where the addition of oxygen gives rise to hydroperoxides and their associated peroxy radicals (ROO•). [5]
In organic chemistry, the Swern oxidation, named after Daniel Swern, is a chemical reaction whereby a primary or secondary alcohol (−OH) is oxidized to an aldehyde (−CH=O) or ketone (>C=O) using oxalyl chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and an organic base, such as triethylamine.
Argonoxygen decarburization (AOD) is a process primarily used in stainless steel making and other high grade alloys with oxidizable elements such as chromium and aluminium. After initial melting the metal is then transferred to an AOD vessel where it will be subjected to three steps of refining; decarburization, reduction, and desulfurization.