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Lima beans in a seed catalogue, 1894. A lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), also commonly known as butter bean, [2] sieva bean, [3] double bean [4] [5] or Madagascar bean, is a legume grown for its edible seeds or beans.
Phaseolus coccineus, known as runner bean, [2] scarlet runner bean, [2] or multiflora bean, [2] is a plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. Another common name is butter bean, [3] [4] [5] which, however, can also refer to the lima bean, a different species. It is grown both as a food plant and an ornamental plant.
The word 'bean', for the Old World vegetable, existed in Old English, [3] long before the New World genus Phaseolus was known in Europe. With the Columbian exchange of domestic plants between Europe and the Americas, use of the word was extended to pod-borne seeds of Phaseolus, such as the common bean and the runner bean, and the related genus Vigna.
The oldest-known domesticated beans in the Americas were found in Guitarrero Cave, an archaeological site in Peru, and dated to around the second millennium BCE. [40] Genetic analyses of the common bean Phaseolus show that it originated in Mesoamerica, and subsequently spread southward, along with maize and squash, traditional companion crops. [41]
Phaseolus (bean, wild bean) [2] is a genus of herbaceous to woody annual and perennial vines in the family Fabaceae containing about 70 plant species, all native to the Americas, primarily Mesoamerica. [3] [4] It is one of the most economically important legume genera.
An edible seed [n 1] is a seed that is suitable for human or animal consumption. Of the six major plant parts, [ n 2 ] seeds are the dominant source of human calories and protein . [ 1 ] A wide variety of plant species provide edible seeds; most are angiosperms , while a few are gymnosperms .
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In many areas, landraces which retain many of these characteristics persist, in particular with regard to daylight sensitivity, growth habit and hard seeds. Seed colour is variable, but commonly red or yellow. The red type is commonly named 赤小豆 in Chinese, literally meaning 'red small bean'.