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Transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM) refers to the transient depression of the immune system following transfusion of blood products. This effect has been recognized in groups of individuals who have undergone kidney transplantation or have had multiple miscarriages . [ 1 ]
The incidence of TA-GvHD in immunocompromised patients receiving blood transfusions is estimated to be 0.1–1.0%, and mortality around 80–90%. Mortality is higher in TA-GvHD than in GvHD associated with bone marrow transplantation , where the engrafted lymphoid cells in the bone marrow are of donor origin (in autotransplant) and therefore ...
However, these types of transplants come at a cost of diminished graft-versus-tumor effect, greater risk of engraftment failure, or cancer relapse, [39] and general immunodeficiency, resulting in a patient more susceptible to viral, bacterial, and fungal infection. In a multi-center study, disease-free survival at three years was not different ...
In lung cancer intra-operative blood transfusion has been associated with earlier recurrence of cancer, worse survival rates and poorer outcomes after lung resection. [ 65 ] [ 66 ] Suppression of the immune system by blood transfusion has been implicated as playing a role in more than 10 different cancer types, through mechanisms involving the ...
It was reasoned that an agent that damaged the rapidly growing white blood cells might have a similar effect on cancer. [190] Therefore, in December 1942, several people with advanced lymphomas (cancers of the lymphatic system and lymph nodes) were given the drug by vein, rather than by breathing the irritating gas. [190]
Often this occurs in people receiving cancer chemotherapy. [1] Preventive transfusion is often done in those with platelet levels of less than 10 x 10 9 /L. [2] In those who are bleeding transfusion is usually carried out at less than 50 x 10 9 /L. [2] Blood group matching (ABO, RhD) is typically recommended before platelets are given. [2]
The most common side effects when used with other cancer medicines include peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage in the hands and feet), nausea, anemia (low red blood cell counts), neutropenia (low white blood cell counts), thrombocytopenia (low platelet counts), rash, tiredness, constipation, reduced appetite, diarrhea, and cough.
A blood substitute (also called artificial blood or blood surrogate) is a substance used to mimic and fulfill some functions of biological blood. It aims to provide an alternative to blood transfusion , which is transferring blood or blood-based products from one person into another.