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  2. Aqidah - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqidah

    Aqidah comes from the Semitic root ʿ-q-d, which means "to tie; knot". [6] (" Aqidah" used not only as an expression of a school of Islamic theology or belief system, but as another word for "theology" in Islam, as in: "Theology (Aqidah) covers all beliefs and belief systems of Muslims, including sectarian differences and points of contention".) [7]

  3. Schools of Islamic theology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology

    ʿAqīdah is an Islamic term meaning "creed" or "belief". [5] Any religious belief system, or creed, can be considered an example of ʿaqīdah. This term has taken a significant technical usage in Muslim history and theology, denoting those matters over which Muslims hold conviction. The term is usually translated as "theology".

  4. Shahada - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahada

    The Shahada (Arabic: الشَّهَادَةُ aš-šahādatu; Arabic pronunciation: [aʃʃahaːdatʊ], 'the testimony'), [note 1] also transliterated as Shahadah, is an Islamic oath and creed, and one of the Five Pillars of Islam and part of the Adhan.

  5. Islamic attitudes towards science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_attitudes_towards...

    While the natural sciences have not been "fully institutionalized" in predominantly Islamic countries, engineering is considered an applied science that can function in conjunction with religion, and it is one of the most popular career choices of Middle Eastern students. [42]

  6. Five Pillars of Islam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam

    An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-03531-5. Levy, Reuben (1957). The Social Structure of Islam. UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-09182-4. Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei (2002). Islamic teachings: An Overview and a Glance at the Life of the Holy Prophet of ...

  7. Qadariyah - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadariyah

    Qadariyyah (Arabic: قَدَرِيَّة, romanized: Qadariyya), also Qadarites or Kadarites, from qadar (), meaning "power", [1] [2] was originally a derogatory term designating early Islamic theologians who rejected the concept of predestination in Islam, qadr, and asserted that humans possess absolute free will, making them responsible for their actions, justifying divine punishment and ...

  8. List of Muslim philosophers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Muslim_philosophers

    A philosopher whose theory of the soul, explained in The Metaphysics, was derived from Islam in which he explained how the soul finds its way to salvation and freedom. [10] In his Philosophical Biography , al-Razi defended his philosophical lifestyle, emphasizing that, rather than being self-indulgent, man should utilize his intellect, and ...

  9. Timeline of science and engineering in the Muslim world

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_science_and...

    An important member of al-Karaji's school of algebra. Gave this definition of algebra: "[it is concerned] with operating on unknowns using all the arithmetical tools, in the same way as the arithmetician operates on the known." [1] 1135: Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi. Follows al-Khayyam's application of algebra of geometry, rather than follow the ...