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  2. Diffusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion

    Diffusion furnaces used for thermal oxidation There are two ways to introduce the notion of diffusion : either a phenomenological approach starting with Fick's laws of diffusion and their mathematical consequences, or a physical and atomistic one, by considering the random walk of the diffusing particles .

  3. Thermal oxidation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_oxidation

    Furnaces used for diffusion and thermal oxidation at LAAS technological facility in Toulouse, France.. In microfabrication, thermal oxidation is a way to produce a thin layer of oxide (usually silicon dioxide) on the surface of a wafer.

  4. Forced convection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_convection

    The parameter of importance in forced convection is the Péclet number, which is the ratio of advection (movement by currents) and diffusion (movement from high to low concentrations) of heat. = When the Peclet number is much greater than unity (1), advection dominates diffusion. Similarly, much smaller ratios indicate a higher rate of ...

  5. Diffusion flame - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion_flame

    In combustion, a diffusion flame is a flame in which the oxidizer and fuel are separated before burning. Contrary to its name, a diffusion flame involves both diffusion and convection processes. The name diffusion flame was first suggested by S.P. Burke and T.E.W. Schumann in 1928, [ 1 ] to differentiate from premixed flame where fuel and ...

  6. Sintering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintering

    Sintering occurs by diffusion of atoms through the microstructure. This diffusion is caused by a gradient of chemical potential – atoms move from an area of higher chemical potential to an area of lower chemical potential. The different paths the atoms take to get from one spot to another are the "sintering mechanisms" or "matter transport ...

  7. Carburizing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carburizing

    A modern computerised gas carburising furnace. Carburizing, or carburising, is a heat treatment process in which iron or steel absorbs carbon while the metal is heated in the presence of a carbon-bearing material, such as charcoal or carbon monoxide. The intent is to make the metal harder and more wear resistant. [1]

  8. Heat equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_equation

    D is the diffusion coefficient that controls the speed of the diffusive process, and is typically expressed in meters squared over second. If the diffusion coefficient D is not constant, but depends on the concentration c (or P in the second case), then one gets the nonlinear diffusion equation .

  9. Molecular diffusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_diffusion

    Molecular diffusion, often simply called diffusion, is the thermal motion of all (liquid or gas) particles at temperatures above absolute zero. The rate of this movement is a function of temperature, viscosity of the fluid and the size (mass) of the particles.

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