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Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived [3] cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), [4] the inner ear, [5] vaginal epithelium, [6] meninges, [7] bones, [8] and heart found in many mammals and birds. [9] Melanin is a dark pigment primarily responsible ...
Melanocytes insert granules of melanin into specialized cellular vesicles called melanosomes. These are then transferred into the keratinocyte cells of the human epidermis . The melanosomes in each recipient cell accumulate atop the cell nucleus , where they protect the nuclear DNA from mutations caused by the ionizing radiation of the sun's ...
The melanocyte-stimulating hormones, known collectively as MSH, also known as melanotropins or intermedins, are a family of peptide hormones and neuropeptides consisting of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (β-MSH), and γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (γ-MSH) that are produced by cells in the pars intermedia of the anterior lobe of the pituitary ...
Melasma occurs when melanocytes, the cells in the skin that create pigment, interact with an external trigger — most commonly hormones, heat, and light. How to treat melasma.
Melanocytes appear as clear cells when in the stratum basale of the skin, and Langerhans' cells appear as clear cells in the stratum spinosum. [ 2 ] C cells, more commonly referred to as parafollicular cells are type of cell found in the thyroid gland which stain clear using H&E.
In some melanocytes, the melanosomes remain static within the cell. In others the cell can extend its surface lengthwise as temporary projections known as pseudopodia , which carry melanosomes away from the center of the cell, thereby increasing the cell's effectiveness in absorbing light.
Each melanocyte in the epidermis has several dendrites that stretch out to connect it with many keratinocytes. The melanin is then stored within keratinocytes and melanocytes in the perinuclear area as supranuclear "caps", where it protects the DNA from UVR-induced damage .
Hyperactivation of sympathetic nerves drives depletion of melanocyte stem cells. Nature. Quantitative mapping of human hair greying and reversal in relation to life stress. eLife.