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The Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence, better known as the Istanbul Convention, is a human rights treaty of the Council of Europe opposing violence against women and domestic violence which was opened for signature on 11 May 2011, in Istanbul, Turkey.
Two core functional treaties, the Treaty on European Union (originally signed in Maastricht in 1992, The Maastricht Treaty) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (originally signed in Rome in 1957 as the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community i.e. The Treaty of Rome), lay out how the EU operates, and there are a ...
The 1951 Treaty of Paris created the first European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), signed by France, West Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Italy, with Jean Monnet as its president. Its theory was simply that war would be impossibly costly if ownership and production of every country's economy was mixed together.
The convention, forged by the Council of Europe and its dozens of member states, recognises violence against women as a violation of human rights and covers various forms of gender-based violence.
Based on a survey of European transport employees, a 2019 Report on Violence Against Women in the Workplace exposes evidence of high levels of violence against women at work across Europe. 25% of the women polled felt that violence against women is a common occurrence in the transportation industry, and 26% say that harassment is considered ...
While both women and men are subjected to gender-based violence, women and girls have statistically been the greater targets of these acts. [18] Pre-existing gender inequalities put women and girls at a greater risk of violence, trafficking, forced marriage and exploitation. Some women participated in the Geneva II peace talks, although not ...
Alsalem's paper discussed the definition of "woman" in international human rights treaties, particularly CEDAW. Alsalem argues that while CEDAW does not explicitly define "woman", it refers to biological females and that sex and sex-based discrimination in that context is understood as a biological category. [59]
The Treaty on European Union, commonly known as the Maastricht Treaty, is the foundation treaty of the European Union (EU). Concluded in 1992 between the then-twelve member states of the European Communities, it announced "a new stage in the process of European integration" [2] chiefly in provisions for a shared European citizenship, for the eventual introduction of a single currency, and ...