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The female fly cements individual eggs onto hairs of the forelimbs and shoulders of horses, mules and donkeys. [7] [5] Each female lays up to 1000 eggs. [7] In order to hatch, the eggs must be licked by the host animal. [5] If taken into the host's mouth during grooming, the egg will hatch in the mouth. [5]
When the larvae are licked and swallowed by the horse during grooming they travel to the stomach and embed themselves into the glandular part of the stomach close to the margo plicatus. A thick mucus is excreted by the stomach lining. The larvae mature into adults and females produce eggs to complete the life cycle. [1]
There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from anatomy to life stages, size, colors, markings, breeds, locomotion, and behavior. Horses are adapted to run, allowing them to quickly escape predators, and possess a good sense of balance and a strong fight-or-flight response.
Mature horses appear to develop a certain degree of resistance to this parasite, but it is a concern for younger horses up to about two years old. [4] P. equorum is one of the few parasites where a natural immunity develops in the host. [3] However, when an infection is found in an adult horse, both the worm and egg counts are substantially low ...
Female horse-fly laying eggs A mud cylinder created by a tabanid before pupation. Eggs are laid on stones or vegetation near water, in clusters of up to 1000, especially on emergent water plants. The eggs are white at first but darken with age. They hatch after about six days, with the emerging larvae using a special hatching spike to open the ...
Gasterophilus nigricornis (broad-bellied horse bot) – ranges from the Middle East to China, infects duodenum of horses and donkeys; Gasterophilus pecorum (dark-winged horse bot) – the most pathogenic species in the genus. Ranges through the Old World and infects the mouth, tongue, esophagus and stomach of horses, donkeys and zebras
Diagnosis via egg identification is not enough to determine if the horse has a S. vulgaris infection as the fecal samples often contain a mixture of large and small strongyle eggs that are very similar in appearance. The best diagnostic method to determine if a horse has a S. vulgaris infection is through a fecal culture. Here the eggs grow and ...
The fly lays eggs on the forelegs of large animals. The eggs hatch within a week and penetrate the skin, where they migrate throughout the connective tissues (H. bovis) or to the esophagus (H. lineatum). After a few months, the larvae travel back to the skin surface and cause swellings called "warbles".