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Generally speaking, there are three main approaches to handle missing data: (1) Imputation—where values are filled in the place of missing data, (2) omission—where samples with invalid data are discarded from further analysis and (3) analysis—by directly applying methods unaffected by the missing values. One systematic review addressing ...
A near-me area network is a logical grouping of communication devices that are in close physical proximity to each other, but not necessarily connected to the same communication network infrastructure.
In graph theory, a clustering coefficient is a measure of the degree to which nodes in a graph tend to cluster together. Evidence suggests that in most real-world networks, and in particular social networks, nodes tend to create tightly knit groups characterised by a relatively high density of ties; this likelihood tends to be greater than the average probability of a tie randomly established ...
ECMAScript (JavaScript) treats all NaN as if they are the same value. [21] Java has the same treatment "for the most part". [22] Using a limited amount of NaN representations allows the system to use other possible NaN values for non-arithmetic purposes, the most important being "NaN-boxing", i.e. using the payload for arbitrary data. [23 ...
In computer programming, specifically when using the imperative programming paradigm, an assertion is a predicate (a Boolean-valued function over the state space, usually expressed as a logical proposition using the variables of a program) connected to a point in the program, that always should evaluate to true at that point in code execution.
The exponentiation inherent in floating-point computation assures a much larger dynamic range – the largest and smallest numbers that can be represented – which is especially important when processing data sets where some of the data may have extremely large range of numerical values or where the range may be unpredictable.
The Dataframe API was released as an abstraction on top of the RDD, followed by the Dataset API. In Spark 1.x, the RDD was the primary application programming interface (API), but as of Spark 2.x use of the Dataset API is encouraged [3] even though the RDD API is not deprecated. [4] [5] The RDD technology still underlies the Dataset API. [6] [7]
t-SNE has been used for visualization in a wide range of applications, including genomics, computer security research, [3] natural language processing, music analysis, [4] cancer research, [5] bioinformatics, [6] geological domain interpretation, [7] [8] [9] and biomedical signal processing.