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Mancala (Arabic: منقلة manqalah) is a family of two-player turn-based strategy board games played with small stones, beans, or seeds and rows of holes or pits in the earth, a board or other playing surface. The objective is usually to capture all or some set of the opponent's pieces.
If a player ends up his or her turn with no stone in his or her row, the other player has to choose a move whereby some stone will replenish the opponent's row. The game ends when one of the players cannot move anymore. The opponents captures all the seeds on the board. The player who captured most seeds wins the game.
Mancala games are played with "seeds" or "counters", which are usually made from small cowrie shells, pebbles, or tamarind seeds. The holes in Southeast Asian mancalas are typically deeper and larger than variants in mainland Asia and Africa, since the seeds used are larger. [1] A total of 98 pieces are used in the seven-hole board version. [7]
Mangala is played on a 2x6 (or 2x7) mancala board (i.e., 2 rows of 6 or 7 pits). At game setup, 4 pieces are placed in each pit. At their turn, the player takes all the pieces from one of their pits and drops them one at a time into the following pits counterclockwise.
The game provides a Kalah board and a number of seeds or counters. The board has 6 small pits, called houses, on each side; and a big pit, called an end zone or store, at each end. The object of the game is to capture more seeds than one's opponent. At the beginning of the game, four seeds are placed in each house. This is the traditional method.
Pente is an abstract strategy board game for two or more players, created in 1977 by Gary Gabrel. [1] [2] A member of the m,n,k game family, Pente stands out for its custodial capture mechanic, which allows players to "sandwich" pairs of stones and capture them by flanking them on either side.