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Inflammatory processes are essential in contributing towards the activation of stellate cells. [2] Therefore, both autocrine and paracrine mediators are involved pancreatic stellate cell activation. [2] Copious amounts of α- SMA-expressing cells are present in fibrotic areas of pancreatic tissue sections in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
Kupffer cells, also known as stellate macrophages and Kupffer–Browicz cells, are specialized cells localized in the liver within the lumen of the liver sinusoids and are adhesive to their endothelial cells which make up the blood vessel walls. Kupffer cells comprise the largest population of tissue-resident macrophages in the body.
The activated stellate cell is characterized by proliferation, contractility, and chemotaxis. This change is seen as a transdifferentiation whereby the cells lose their stellate shape and acquire that of myofibroblasts. [8] [6] This state of the stellate cell is the main source of extracellular matrix production in liver injury. [9]
The authors of this study found that TREM2 is expressed by Kupfer cells and hepatic stellate cells, indicating that TREM2 might downregulate inflammation. [56] Expression was also increased in liver tissues from patients with cirrhosis. [56]
Senescence of hepatic stellate cells could prevent progression of liver fibrosis, although has not yet been implemented as a therapy due to risks associated with hepatic dysfunction. [10] Bridging fibrosis in a Wistar rat following a six-week course of thioacetamide. Sirius Red stain. Cirrhosis
SUCNR1 is expressed by human: [19] a) hepatic stellate cells (i.e., pericytes found in the perisinusoidal space of the liver); [20] [21] [22] b) neutrophils, [23] macrophages, blood monocytes, [16] monocyte-derived dendritic cells, [24] [25] [26] CD34 + progenitor cells (i.e., bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells used therapeutically to restore hematopoiesis [27]), blood platelets, [16 ...
FS cells having a main role in moderating the neuro-immune/endocrine regulation of inflammation is backed up by data in conjunction with depicting C3a, C5a receptors (which are the main factors of the innate immune system), secreting IL-6 and MIF (inflammatory cytokines), and controlling the release of these cytokines via anti-inflammatory ...
Stellate cells are neurons in the central nervous system, named for their star-like shape formed by dendritic processes radiating from the cell body. These cells play significant roles in various brain functions, including inhibition in the cerebellum and excitation in the cortex, and are involved in synaptic plasticity and neurovascular coupling.