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  2. Copy elision - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy_elision

    In C++ computer programming, copy elision refers to a compiler optimization technique that eliminates unnecessary copying of objects.. The C++ language standard generally allows implementations to perform any optimization, provided the resulting program's observable behavior is the same as if, i.e. pretending, the program were executed exactly as mandated by the standard.

  3. Assignment (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assignment_(computer_science)

    In computer programming, an assignment statement sets and/or re-sets the value stored in the storage location(s) denoted by a variable name; in other words, it copies a value into the variable. In most imperative programming languages , the assignment statement (or expression) is a fundamental construct.

  4. Tuple - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuple

    An n-tuple is a tuple of n elements, where n is a non-negative integer. There is only one 0-tuple, called the empty tuple. A 1-tuple and a 2-tuple are commonly called a singleton and an ordered pair, respectively. The term "infinite tuple" is occasionally used for "infinite sequences".

  5. Hash function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_function

    The value a is an appropriately chosen value that should be relatively prime to W; it should be large, [clarification needed] and its binary representation a random mix [clarification needed] of 1s and 0s. An important practical special case occurs when W = 2 w and M = 2 m are powers of 2 and w is the machine word size.

  6. Relation (database) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relation_(database)

    An attribute value is an attribute name paired with an element of that attribute's domain, and a tuple is a set of attribute values in which no two distinct elements have the same name. Thus, in some accounts, a tuple is described as a function , mapping names to values.

  7. Fold (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_(higher-order_function)

    The use of an initial value is necessary when the combining function f is asymmetrical in its types (e.g. a → b → b), i.e. when the type of its result is different from the type of the list's elements. Then an initial value must be used, with the same type as that of f 's result, for a linear chain of applications to be possible. Whether it ...

  8. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    Although tuples are created by separating items with commas, the whole construct is usually wrapped in parentheses to increase readability. An empty tuple is denoted by (), while a tuple with a single value can be created with (1,). Sets (class set) are mutable containers of hashable items [15] of arbitrary types, with no duplicates. The items ...

  9. Comparison of programming languages (associative array)

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    Values are primarily retrieved using the indexer (which throws an exception if the key does not exist) and the TryGetValue method, which has an output parameter for the sought value and a Boolean return-value indicating whether the key was found.