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Exome sequencing, also known as whole exome sequencing (WES), is a genomic technique for sequencing all of the protein-coding regions of genes in a genome (known as the exome). [1] It consists of two steps: the first step is to select only the subset of DNA that encodes proteins .
Whole-exome sequencing is a recent technology that has led to the discovery of various genetic disorders and increased the rate of diagnoses of patients with rare genetic disorders. Overall, whole-exome sequencing has allowed healthcare providers to diagnose 30–50% of patients who were thought to have rare Mendelian disorders.
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is the process of determining the entirety, or nearly the entirety, of the DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time. [2] This entails sequencing all of an organism's chromosomal DNA as well as DNA contained in the mitochondria and, for plants, in the chloroplast.
Whereas the methods above describe various sequencing methods, separate related terms are used when a large portion of a genome is sequenced. Several platforms were developed to perform exome sequencing (a subset of all DNA across all chromosomes that encode genes) or whole genome sequencing (sequencing of the all nuclear DNA of a human).
Whole exome sequencing is a brute-force approach that involves using modern day sequencing technology and DNA sequence assembly tools to piece together all coding portions of the genome. The sequence is then compared to a reference genome and any differences are noted.
Whole exome sequencing is the method to sequence all exons in genomics. As proteins produced by the exons are crucial for human metabolism and the endosomal environment, if mutations occur at the exons, it will lead to a critical genetic disease.