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Catharism (/ ˈ k æ θ ər ɪ z əm / KATH-ər-iz-əm; [1] from the Ancient Greek: καθαροί, romanized: katharoí, "the pure ones" [2]) was a Christian quasi-dualist or pseudo-Gnostic movement, which thrived in the anti-materialist revival in Southern Europe, particularly in northern Italy and southern France, between the 12th and 14th centuries. [3]
Consolamentum (called heretication by its Catholic opponents) was the unique sacrament of the Cathars. [1] Cathars believed in original sin, and – like Gnostics – believed temporal pleasure to be sinful or unwise. The process of living thus inevitably incurred "regret" that required "consolation" to move nearer to God or to approach heaven.
Raymond Roger was not officially a Cathar, but he tolerated the existence of the Cathar sect within his territory. [8] He attempted to negotiate with the Crusader army at Montpellier, absolving himself of the things that happened in his domain because of his youth, he was 24 at the time, and declaring his loyalty to the Church.
A Cathar Perfect had to undergo a rigorous training of three years before being inducted as a member of the spiritual elite of the religious movement. [ citation needed ] This took place during a ceremony in which various Scriptural extracts were quoted, including, most particularly, the opening verses of the Gospel of John [ citation needed ] .
The word "Cathar" is derived from the Greek word katharos, meaning "clean" or "pure." [5] Partially derived from earlier forms of Gnosticism, the theology of the Cathars was dualistic, a belief in two equal and comparable transcendental principles: God, the force of good, and the demiurge, the force of evil.
The Albigensian Crusade resulted in the defeat of the Cathars militarily. After this, the Inquisition played an important role in finally destroying Catharism during the 13th and much of the 14th centuries. [9] Punishments for Cathars varied greatly. Most frequently, they were made to wear yellow crosses atop their garments as a sign of outward ...
The origins of both the term Cagots (and Agotes, Capots, Caqueux, etc.) and the Cagots themselves are uncertain.It has been suggested that they were descendants of the Visigoths [1] [2] defeated by Clovis I at the Battle of Vouillé, [3] [4] and that the name Cagot derives from caas ("dog") and the Old Occitan for Goth gòt around the 6th century. [5]
At first Innocent III tried to deal with the Cathars by peaceful conversion, sending into the affected regions a number of legates or representatives. [5] Count Raymond declined to assist, although constantly embroiled with his vassals, and given the autonomy of the towns, Kenneth Setton questions whether Raymond "could have coped effectively ...