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The indium white blood cell scan is a nuclear medicine procedure in which white blood cells (mostly neutrophils) are removed from the patient, tagged with the radioisotope Indium-111, and then injected intravenously into the patient. The tagged leukocytes subsequently localize to areas of relatively new infection.
A white blood cell differential is a medical laboratory test that provides information about the types and amounts of white blood cells in a person's blood. The test, which is usually ordered as part of a complete blood count (CBC), measures the amounts of the five normal white blood cell types – neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils – as well as abnormal cell ...
Both the gallium scan and indium leukocyte imaging may be used to image fever of unknown origin (elevated temperature without an explanation). However, the indium leukocyte scan will image only the 25% of such cases which are caused by acute infections, while gallium will also localize to other sources of fever, such as chronic infections and ...
Indium-111 (111 In) is a radioactive isotope of indium (In). It decays by electron capture to stable cadmium-111 with a half-life of 2.8 days. [3] Indium-111 chloride (111 InCl) solution is produced by proton irradiation of a cadmium target (112 Cd(p,2n) or 111 Cd(p,n)) in a cyclotron, as recommended by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). [4]
In the same way that a plain X-ray is a 2-dimensional (2-D) view of a 3-dimensional structure, the image obtained by a gamma camera is a 2-D view of 3-D distribution of a radionuclide. SPECT imaging is performed by using a gamma camera to acquire multiple 2-D images (also called projections ), from multiple angles.
An octreotide scan is a type of SPECT scintigraphy used to find carcinoid, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and to localize sarcoidosis. It is also called somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS). Octreotide , a drug similar to somatostatin , is radiolabeled with indium-111 , [ 1 ] and is injected into a vein and travels through the bloodstream.
Immunoscintigraphy is performed using a variety of radiopharmaceuticals, for a large range of purposes. Colorectal cancer is one of the most studied areas, with indium-111 or technetium-99m labelled epitopes of the carcinoembryonic antigen. [3]
The total white blood cell count is usually reported in cells per microlitre of blood (/μL) or 10 9 cells per litre (× 10 9 /L). [4] In the white blood cell differential, the different types of white blood cells are identified and counted. The results are reported as a percentage and as an absolute number per unit volume.