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Having six or more café au lait spots greater than 5 mm in diameter before puberty, or greater than 15 mm in diameter after puberty, is a diagnostic feature of neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1), but other features are required to diagnose NF-1. [2] Familial multiple cafe-au-lait spots have been observed without an NF-1 diagnosis. [9] Noonan syndrome
Hyperpigmented skin lesions with characteristic features, including jagged "coast of Maine" borders and tendency occur along the midline of the body. These lesions are historically termed café au lait macules, however the term "cafe-au-lait" only describes their appearance on lighter-skinned individuals. [5]
Conditions associated with the development of café au lait macules Condition Ataxia–telangiectasia: Bloom syndrome: Fanconi anaemia: Gaucher's disease: Legius syndrome: Marfan syndrome: McCune–Albright syndrome: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: Neurofibromatosis type 1: Neurofibromatosis type 1-like syndrome: Noonan syndrome: Peutz ...
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is typically characterized by café au lait spots (light-brown flat patches of skin), neurofibromas (small bumps in or under the skin), scoliosis (side-way curvature of the back), and headaches. [2]
Legius syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by cafe au lait spots. [3] It was first described in 2007 and is often mistaken for neurofibromatosis type I. It is caused by mutations in the SPRED1 gene. [5] [6] It is also known as neurofibromatosis type 1-like syndrome. [1]
A lentigo (/ l ɛ n ˈ t aɪ ɡ oʊ /) (plural lentigines, / l ɛ n ˈ t ɪ dʒ ɪ n iː z /) is a small pigmented spot on the skin with a clearly defined edge, surrounded by normal-appearing skin.
Café au lait spots are one of the most characteristic features of neurofibromatosis type 1. They are hyperpigmented lesions of the skin that increase in number and size during the first years of life. They are present in almost all patients but do not have malignant potential.
It was first discovered when Riccardi et al. described multiple families with cafe-au-lait spots and no association for neurofibromatosis in 1980. [5]In 1993, Charrow et al. described five members from a four-generation family who had the characteristic tell-tale sign of neurofibromatosis, multiple cafe au lait spots; however, testing of the gene usually involved in neurofibromatosis revealed ...