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In computing, input/output (I/O, i/o, or informally io or IO) is the communication between an information processing system, such as a computer, and the outside world, such as another computer system, peripherals, or a human operator. Inputs are the signals or data received by the system and outputs are the signals or data sent from it.
MIS—Management Information Systems; MIT—Massachusetts Institute of Technology; ML—Machine Learning; MMC—Microsoft Management Console; MMDS—Mortality Medical Data System; MMDS—Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service; MMF—Multi-Mode (optical) Fiber; MMIO—Memory-Mapped I/O; MMI—Man Machine Interface.
IT Management refers to IT related management activities in organizations. MIS is focused mainly on the business aspect, with a strong input into the technology phase of the business/organization. A primary focus of IT management is the value creation made possible by technology. This requires the alignment of technology and business strategies.
The expression was popular in the early days of computing. The first known use is in a 1957 syndicated newspaper article about US Army mathematicians and their work with early computers, [4] in which an Army Specialist named William D. Mellin explained that computers cannot think for themselves, and that "sloppily programmed" inputs inevitably lead to incorrect outputs.
A computer program is useful for another sort of process using the input-process-output model receives inputs from a user or other source, does some computations on the inputs, and returns the results of the computations. [1] In essence the system separates itself from the environment, thus defining both inputs and outputs as one united ...
A computer can still function without an output device, as is commonly done with servers, where the primary interaction is typically over a data network. A number of protocols exist over serial ports or LAN cables to determine operational status, and to gain control over low-level configuration from a remote location without having a local ...
Personal computer users who are not software developers or coders often prefer GUIs for both input and output; GUIs are supported by most personal computers. [129] The software to support GUIs is more complex than a command line for input and plain text output. Plain text output is often preferred by programmers, and is easy to support. [130]
Technology strategy - the logic or role of technology in an organization. Technology forecasting - the identification of possible relevant technologies for the organization, such as technology scouting. Technology roadmap - mapping technologies to business and market needs. Technology project portfolio (a set of projects under development) and ...