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Eumycetoma, also known as Madura foot, [1] [6] is a persistent fungal infection of the skin and the tissues just under the skin, affecting most commonly the feet, although it can occur in hands and other body parts. [5]
Dog with atopic dermatitis, with signs around the eye created by rubbing. Atopy is a hereditary [ 3 ] and chronic (lifelong) allergic skin disease. Signs usually begin between 6 months and 3 years of age, with some breeds of dog, such as the golden retriever , showing signs at an earlier age.
In dogs, autoimmune skin diseases are usually not detected until visible symptoms appear, which differs from detection in humans who are able to verbally express their concerns. [2] Genetics , nutrition, and external environmental factors all collectively contribute to increasing the probability an autoimmune skin disease occurring. [ 3 ]
If the tumor is small and can be removed completely, the dog will have a much better prognosis. If surgery is not an option, this may be effective. ... In dogs with transitional cell carcinomas ...
A dog with degenerative myelopathy often stands with its legs close together and may not correct an unusual foot position due to a lack of conscious proprioception. Canine degenerative myelopathy, also known as chronic degenerative radiculomyelopathy, is an incurable, progressive disease of the canine spinal cord that is similar in many ways to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Symptoms in dogs include acute arthritis, anorexia and lethargy. There is no rash as is typically seen in humans. [11] Ehrlichiosis is a disease caused by Ehrlichia canis and spread by the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Signs include fever, vasculitis, and low blood counts. [6]
Subcutaneous types include eumycetoma and chromoblastomycosis, which generally affect tissues in and beneath the skin. [1] [7] Systemic fungal infections are more serious and include cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, pneumocystis pneumonia, aspergillosis and mucormycosis. [3] Signs and symptoms range widely. [3]
Since the bacterial form and the fungal form of mycetoma infection of the foot share similar clinical and radiological features, diagnosis can be a challenge. [2] Magnetic resonance imaging is a valuable diagnostic tool. However, its results should be closely correlated with the clinical, laboratory, and pathological findings. [12] [13]