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The Third Italian War of Independence (Italian: Terza guerra d'indipendenza italiana) was a war between the Kingdom of Italy and the Austrian Empire fought between June and August 1866.
The Risorgimento movement emerged to unite Italy in the 19th century. Piedmont-Sardinia took the lead in a series of wars to liberate Italy from foreign control. Following three Wars of Italian Independence against the Habsburg Austrians in the north, the Expedition of the Thousand against the Bourbons of the Two Sicilies in the south, and the Capture of Rome, the unification of the country ...
At the outbreak of the Third Italian War of Independence, on June 23, 1866, the Italian army was divided into two armies: the first, under the command of Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora and was stationed in Lombardy west of the Mincio towards the fortresses of the Quadrilatero.
The Battle of Custoza took place on the 24 June 1866 during the Third Italian War of Independence in the Italian unification process. The Austrian Imperial army, joined by the Venetian Army, jointly commanded by Archduke Albrecht of Habsburg, defeated the Italian army, led by Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora and Enrico Cialdini.
The War of Italian Independence, or Italian Wars of Independence, include: First Italian War of Independence (1848–1849) Second Italian War of Independence (1859) Third Italian War of Independence (1866) Fourth Italian War of Independence(1870): alternative name for the annexation of the Papal States and Rome.
However, on 8 April, Italy and Prussia signed an agreement that supported Italy's acquisition of Venetia, and on 20 June Italy issued a declaration of war on Austria. Within the context of Italian unification, the Austro-Prussian war is called the Third Independence War, after the First (1848) and the Second (1859). [74]
La Marmora transmitted Italy’s declaration of war to Vienna on 20 June 1866, with the start of hostilities set for 23 June. [4] On the 21st, meanwhile, Prussian troops had reached the northern border of Austria. In Florence, La Marmora was appointed chief of staff and replaced in government by Bettino Ricasoli.
The 1866 Treaty of Vienna was an agreement signed on 3 October 1866 and ratified on 12 October by the Kingdom of Italy and the Austrian Empire that concluded the hostilities of the Third War of Italian Independence, [1] a theatre of the concurrent Austro-Prussian War.