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Bottom loading arms. Top loading arms are used to load or unload road or rail tankers.Loading or unloading is done through the manhole on the top of the tanker. Top loading arms can also be used for tight-fill, vapor recovery, marine and other applications when used with specially designed and engineered components, such as vapor plates, tapered hatch plugs, and inflatable hatch seals. [1]
Diagram showing construction of the DOT 117 tank car. The DOT-117 (TC-117 in Canada) is a type of unpressurized tank car in use on North American railroads. The DOT-117 design was developed in the aftermath of the Lac-Mégantic rail disaster of 2013 in an effort to upgrade the specifications of the then-common DOT-111 and CPC-1232 designs. [1]
Modern tank cars carry all types of liquid and gaseous commodities Rows of tank cars at a railyard in the Midwestern United States [1]. A tank car (International Union of Railways (UIC): tank wagon) or tanker is a type of railroad car (UIC: railway car) or rolling stock designed to transport liquid and gaseous commodities.
The pressure within the tank is 25 psi (170 kPa) or lower [3] [4] with a temperature below 20.27 K (−423.17 °F or −252.87 °C) and a boil-off rate of 0.3% to 0.6% per day [5] The tank is double walled like a vacuum flask with multi-layer insulation, with the valves and fittings enclosed in a cabinet at the lower side or end of the car.
A DOT-111 tank car, specification 111A100W1, constructed by fusion welding carbon steel.This car has a capacity of 30,110 US gallons (113,979 L; 25,071.8 imp gal), a test pressure of 100 psi (690 kPa), a tare weight of 65,000 pounds (29,500 kg) and a load limit of 198,000 pounds (89,800 kg).
During the 1990s, a few railcar manufacturers experimented with the use of liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2) as a cooling agent. The move was in response to rising fuel costs, and was an attempt to eliminate the standard mechanical refrigeration systems that required periodic maintenance.