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In May 1852, August von Berlepsch in Germany designed a movable frame. [2] On October 5, 1852, in the United States, L. L. Langstroth patented a new hive with movable frames under US patent # US9300A. [3] [4] Today, the Langstroth hive is the most common design in many parts of the world. In the UK the national hive is more commonly used.
Among his most important inventions was a hive frame in a separate honey chamber of his beehive. He also invented a crude queen excluder between brood and honey chambers. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Petro Prokopovych was also the first to ever model a 'bee beard' after delineating and calculating 'bee swarm behaviour", inspiring students for generations.
In contrast to August von Berlepsch's frame-movable, side-opened hive (May 1852, Germany), Langstroth's hive was top-opened, as was the Bevan top-bar hive (1848, UK). These combined adaptations led to the Langstroth hive design being preferred by beekeepers over all others, and variations on his hive are used throughout the world.
In 1848 Dzierzon introduced grooves into the hive's side walls, replacing the strips of wood for moving top bars. The grooves were 8 × 8 mm – the exact average between 1 ⁄ 4 and 3 ⁄ 8 inch (6.4 and 9.5 mm), which is the range called the "bee space." Such designs quickly gained popularity in Europe and North America.
The Leaf Hive, invented in Switzerland in 1789 by François Huber, was a fully movable frame hive, but had solid frames that were touching and made up the "box." The combs in this hive were examined like pages in a book. Langstroth read the works of Francois Huber and Edward Bevan and obtained a Huber leaf hive in 1838.
Based on the aforementioned measurements, August Adolph von Berlepsch (Bienezeitung May 1852) in Thuringia and L.L. Langstroth (October 1852) [29] in the United States designed their own movable-frame hives. Langstroth used, however "about 1/2 inch" (13 mm) above the frame's top bars and "about 3/8 inch" (9.5 mm) between the frames and hive body.
A tap or honey pump allows for the removal of honey from the extractor. Honey must be removed in time and always stay below the rotating frames as otherwise it prevents extractor from spinning with sufficient speed. Extractors can vary in sizes from holding just a couple frames to large commercial ones holding up to sixty frames.
The Tanzanian government then promoted two alternative hive types, namely a log hive that could be harvested from either end (so that the brood nest in the centre remains undisturbed) and a plank hive, which was a simple top-bar hive. The plank hive did not use moveable top bars, however – bees would attach comb in natural patterns to the roof.