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Some soapmakers prefer "melt and pour" because the process is simple and safe, allowing the soapmaker to concentrate more on the aesthetic aspects of soap making. Because it avoids the need to handle lye , a hazardous and very caustic chemical, it is a hobby even children can enjoy under adult supervision.
A handmade soap bar Two equivalent images of the chemical structure of sodium stearate, a typical ingredient found in bar soaps Emulsifying action of soap on oil. Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. [1]
The spice star anise is distilled to make star anise oil. Sandalwood oil, used primarily as a fragrance, for its pleasant, woody fragrance. [24] Sassafras oil, from sassafras root bark. Used in aromatherapy, soap-making, perfumes, and the like. Formerly used as a spice, and as the primary flavoring of root beer, inter alia.
Some soap-makers leave the glycerol in the soap. Others precipitate the soap by salting it out with sodium chloride. Skeletal formula of stearin, a triglyceride that is converted by saponification with sodium hydroxide into glycerol and sodium stearate. Fat in a corpse converts into adipocere, often called "grave wax".
Petroleum jelly. Petroleum jelly, petrolatum (/ ˌ p ɛ t r ə ˈ l eɪ t ə m /), white petrolatum, soft paraffin, or multi-hydrocarbon, CAS number 8009-03-8, is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons (with carbon numbers mainly higher than 25), [1] originally promoted as a topical ointment for its healing properties. [2]
The process for making glycerin soaps was well known as of 1857 in the Western world. [2] In modern industrial soap-making, the glycerin is usually separated from the soap to be resold and used in a wide variety of areas such as for personal care products, pharmaceuticals, chemical intermediates, and food processing.
Total fatty matter (TFM) is one of the most important characteristics describing the quality of soap and is always specified in commercial transactions. It is defined as the total amount of fatty matter, mostly fatty acids, that can be separated from a sample after splitting with a mineral acid, usually hydrochloric acid.
"Hot process" soap making also uses lye as the main ingredient. Lye is added to water, cooled for a few minutes and then added to oils and butters. The mixture is then cooked over a period of time (1–2 hours), typically in a slow cooker , and then placed into a mold.