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Testicular torsion may also be caused by trauma to the scrotum or exercise (in particular, bicycle riding); [10] however, only about 4–8% of cases are the result of trauma. [1] [2] There is thought to be a possible genetic basis for predisposition to torsion, based on multiple published reports of familial testicular torsion. [10]
Therefore, testicular torsion is a surgical emergency and the role of ultrasound is to differentiate it from epididymitis as both disease presents with acute testicular pain clinically. [citation needed] There are two types of testicular torsion: extravaginal and intravaginal. Extravaginal torsion occurs exclusively in newborns.
According to Prehn's sign, the physical lifting of the testicles relieves the pain of epididymitis but not pain caused by testicular torsion. [4] Negative Prehn's sign indicates no pain relief with lifting the affected testicle, which points towards testicular torsion which is a surgical emergency and must be relieved within 6 hours.
Orchiopexy is performed in the event of testicular torsion, a urologic emergency presenting with intense pain and often without inciting injury. [citation needed]While neonatal torsion occurs with no anatomic defect to account for its occurrence (occurring in utero or shortly after birth), adult torsion results from a bilateral congenital anomaly often called a "bell-clapper deformity", where ...
Guidelines state that fertility counseling should be offered to all patients undergoing inguinal orchiectomy, as there is a risk of reduced fertility or infertility. Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) accounts for 95% of cases of testicular cancer in young men. [7] TGCT is associated with abnormal semen parameters. [8]
Differential diagnosis of hematocele includes testicular tumor, testicular torsion, and epididymitis. [8] In a blood test or urine test, serum levels of tumor markers such as ( alpha-fetoprotein , carcinoembryonic antigen , β-human chorionic gonadotropin ) can help to reveal if testicular cancer is present which can help with the differential ...
Chronic testicular pain is long-term pain of the testes. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is considered chronic if it has persisted for more than three months. [ 1 ] Chronic testicular pain may be caused by injury , infection , surgery , cancer , varicocele , or testicular torsion , and is a possible complication after vasectomy . [ 2 ]
Radionuclide scanning of the scrotum is the most accurate imaging technique to diagnose testicular torsion, but it is not routinely available. [16] The agent of choice for this purpose is technetium-99m pertechnetate. [17] Initially it provides a radionuclide angiogram, followed by a static image after the radionuclide has perfused the tissue.