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Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of thyroxine (T 4), which is secreted by the thyroid gland. Levothyroxine and thyroxine are chemically identical: natural thyroxine is also in the "levo" chiral form, the difference is only in terminological preference. T 4 is biosynthesized from tyrosine. Approximately 5% of the US population suffers from over ...
As a measure of deiodination, the production of radioactive iodine and other physiological metabolites, in particular T 3 or reverse T 3, are determined and expressed (e.g. as fmol/mg protein/minute). [24] [25] In vivo, deiodination activity is estimated from equilibrium levels of free T 3 and free T 4.
ATC code H03 Thyroid therapy is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products.
In starvation or severe somatic stress, deiodinase type 1 is inhibited which lowers circulating levels of T 3 (due to it being the main source of peripherally converted T 3 from T 4 in the plasma), causing a decrease in the metabolic rate. [3]
Levothyroxine, a drug used to treat hypothyroidism, can lead to reduced bone mass and density in older adults with normal thyroid levels, a small cohort study has shown.
Thyroid hormones act on nearly every cell in the body. They act to increase the basal metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis, help regulate long bone growth (synergy with growth hormone) and neural maturation, and increase the body's sensitivity to catecholamines (such as adrenaline) by permissiveness. [12]
A drug class is a group of medications and other compounds that share similar chemical structures, act through the same mechanism of action (i.e., binding to the same biological target), have similar modes of action, and/or are used to treat similar diseases.
They inhibit release of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland.The most studied drug in this class is lithium, which inhibits thyroid hormone secretion by inhibiting iodotyrosine coupling, thyroidal iodide uptake, and alteration in structure of thyroglobulin, [10] a protein which acts as a substrate for the synthesis of thyroid hormones and storage of inactive forms of T3, T4 and iodine within ...