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Numerous studies have found significant relationships between concentrations of 5-FU in blood plasma and both desirable or undesirable effects on patients. [35] [36] Studies have also shown that dosing based on the concentration of 5-FU in plasma can greatly increase desirable outcomes while minimizing negative side effects of 5-FU therapy.
The major side effects of tegafur are similar to fluorouracil and include myelosuppression, central neurotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity (especially diarrhoea). [3] Gastrointestinal toxicity is the dose-limiting side effect of tegafur. [3] Central neurotoxicity is more common with tegafur than with fluorouracil. [3]
FOL – folinic acid (leucovorin), a vitamin B derivative that modulates/potentiates/reduces the side effects of fluorouracil; F – fluorouracil (5-FU), a pyrimidine analog and antimetabolite which incorporates into the DNA molecule and stops DNA synthesis;
UFT is an oral formulation combining uracil (a competitive inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase), and tegafur (a bioavailable 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) prodrug) in a 4:1 molar ratio. [ 1 ] Uracil has also been stated to help protect the gastrointestinal tract from 5-FU toxicity and the related metabolites, with less side effects than 5-FU ...
Adjuvant treatment in patients with stage III colon cancer is recommended [2] for 12 cycles, every two weeks. The recommended dose schedule is as follows: Day 1: Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m 2 intravenous (IV) infusion in 250-500 mL D5W and leucovorin 200 mg/m 2 IV infusion in D5W administered concurrently over 120 minutes in separate bags using a Y-line, followed by fluorouracil (5-FU) 400 mg/m 2 IV ...
A clinical trial for small hepatocellular carcinoma was stopped prematurely because 56% of the treated patients had unacceptable side effects. Moreover, the treatment had no survival advantage for stage 1 and 2 cancer patients. [11] This may be a reason why carmofur was never pursued for FDA-approval in the US. [1]
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FOLFIRINOX is a chemotherapy regimen for treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer.It is made up of the following four drugs: FOL – folinic acid (leucovorin), a vitamin B derivative that enhances the effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); [1] [2]