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Nicotine withdrawal is a group of symptoms that occur in the first few weeks after stopping or decreasing use of nicotine. Symptoms include intense cravings for nicotine, anger or irritability , anxiety , depression , impatience, trouble sleeping , restlessness , hunger , weight gain , and difficulty concentrating.
Clonidine may reduce withdrawal symptoms and "approximately doubles abstinence rates when compared to a placebo," but its side effects include dry mouth and sedation, and abruptly stopping the drug can cause high blood pressure and other side effects. [46] [47] There is no good evidence anxiolytics are helpful. [48]
The initial symptoms of a nicotine overdose typically include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypersalivation, abdominal pain, tachycardia (rapid heart rate), hypertension (high blood pressure), tachypnea (rapid breathing), headache, dizziness, pallor (pale skin), auditory or visual disturbances, and perspiration, followed shortly after by marked ...
A new review of existing studies pinpoints the most effective strategies that can help a person quit smoking. These include a common anti-nicotine drug, a plant-based drug, and nicotine e-cigarettes.
Although nicotine does play a role in acute episodes of some diseases (including stroke, impotence, and heart disease) by its stimulation of adrenaline release, which raises blood pressure, [102] heart and respiration rate, and free fatty acids, the most serious longer term effects are more the result of the products of the smoldering ...
The symptoms of nicotine overdose include headache, pale skin and mouth, belly pain, weakness, diarrhea, tremors or seizures, agitation, confusion, restlessness, high or low blood pressure, fast or irregular heartbeat, fast breathing, and cold sweats. [21] Limited evidence exists regarding long-term NRT use. [36]
The effects on sleep vary after being intoxicated, during withdrawal, and from long-term use. [26] Nicotine may result in arousal and wakefulness, mainly via incitement in the basal forebrain. [27] Nicotine withdrawal, after abstaining from nicotine use in non-smokers, was linked with longer overall length of sleep and REM rebound. [26]
The nicotine in e-liquids readily absorbs into the bloodstream when a person uses an e-cigarette. [278] Upon entering the blood, nicotine stimulates the adrenal glands to release the hormone epinephrine (adrenaline). [278] Epinephrine stimulates the central nervous system and increases blood pressure, breathing, and heart rate. [278]