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The notes from two such seventh-chords combination form an octatonic collection. Because there are three ways to select two from three, there are three octatonic scales in the twelve-tone system. Each octatonic scale has exactly two modes : the first begins its ascent with a whole step , while the second begins its ascent with a half step ...
The abbreviations col 8, coll' 8, and c. 8 va stand for coll'ottava, meaning "with the octave", i.e. to play the notes in the passage together with the notes in the notated octaves. Any of these directions can be cancelled with the word loco , but often a dashed line or bracket indicates the extent of the music affected.
8 (six beats per bar, with each beat being an eighth note) and 12 8 (twelve beats per bar, with each beat being an eighth note; in practice, the eighth notes are typically put into four groups of three eighth notes. 12 8 is a compound time type of time signature). Many other time signatures exist, such as 2 2 or 3 8.
An eighth note or a quaver is a musical note played for one eighth the duration of a whole note (semibreve). Its length relative to other rhythmic values is as expected—e.g., half the duration of a quarter note (crotchet), one quarter the duration of a half note (minim), and twice the value of a sixteenth note.
Notes in it include a prime symbol below the note's letter. Names of subsequent lower octaves are preceded with "sub". Notes in each include an additional prime symbol below the note's letter. The octave starting at tenor C is called the "small" octave. Notes in it are written as lower case letters, so tenor C itself is written c in Helmholtz ...
"The number of the notes that make up a scale as well as the quality of the intervals between successive notes of the scale help to give the music of a culture area its peculiar sound quality." [6] "The pitch distances or intervals among the notes of a scale tell us more about the sound of the music than does the mere number of tones." [7]
For example, the root of chord ii, if tuned to a fifth above the dominant, would be a major whole tone (9:8) above the tonic. If tuned a just minor third (6:5) below a just subdominant degree of 4:3, however, the interval from the tonic would equal a minor whole tone (10:9). Meantone temperament reduces the difference between 9:8 and 10:9.
[6] [failed verification] Similar arguments apply to vibrating air columns in wind instruments (for example, "the French horn was originally a valveless instrument that could play only the notes of the harmonic series" [7]), although these are complicated by having the possibility of anti-nodes (that is, the air column is closed at one end and ...