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In a subgroup of women of reproductive age (19 to 49 years), 11% had low serum B 12 concentrations < 150 pmol/L (n = 476). The prevalence of vitamin B 12 deficiency increased substantially in the elderly, where 31% of the elderly had vitamin B 12 levels below 130 pmol/L.
[6] [15] [26] Vitamin B 12 deficiency can also cause symptoms of mania and psychosis. [27] [28] Among other problems, weakened immunity, reduced fertility and interruption of blood circulation in women may occur. [29] The main type of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is pernicious anemia, [30] characterized by a triad of symptoms:
In developing countries, about 40% of preschool children and 50% of pregnant women are estimated to be anemic. 20% of maternal deaths can be contributed to anemia. Health consequences of anemia include poor pregnancy outcomes, impaired cognitive and physical development, increased rate of morbidity, and reduced rate of work in adults. [11]
The National Institutes of Health recommends that the average man consume a mere 2.4 micrograms a day, which is actually the lowest daily recommended dose of any vitamin. “Vitamin B12 ...
Look for these warning signs of vitamin B12 deficiency. You could be experiencing both mental and physical symptoms. ... vitamin B12 supplement with at least 50 mcg per day,” says Kitchens ...
Pernicious anemia is the most common cause of clinically evident vitamin B 12 deficiency worldwide. [14] Pernicious anemia due to autoimmune problems occurs in about one per 1000 people in the US. Among those over the age of 60, about 2% have the condition. [8] It more commonly affects people of northern European descent. [2]