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Russia was one of the major belligerents in the First World War: from August 1914 to December 1917, it fought on the Entente's side against the Central Powers. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Russian Empire was a great power in terms of its vast territory, population, and agricultural resources.
The outbreak of war on August 1, 1914, caught Russia severely unprepared. [28] The Allies relied heavily on the Russian army, which had a pre-war regular strength of 1,400,000 and added 3,100,000 reserves through mobilization.
At the start of the war Russia launched offensives against both Germany and Austria-Hungary that were meant to achieve a rapid victory. The invasion of East Prussia was completely defeated while the advance into Austria-Hungary stalled in the Carpathians, and following successful offensives by the Central Powers in 1915 its gains were reversed.
Russia mobilizes for war. August 1 Politics: Germany declares war on Russia and mobilizes. [7] [8] [9] Western: France mobilizes. [7] Politics: Italy declares its neutrality. [10] Politics: German–Ottoman alliance. German Empire and the Ottoman Empire sign a secret alliance treaty. [11] August 2 Western: Germany invades Luxembourg. [12] Western
World War I [b] or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
World War I – major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers , [ 1 ] which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred on the Triple Entente of Britain , France and Russia ) and the Central Powers (originally centred on the Triple Alliance of ...
The Macmillan Dictionary of the First World War (1995) Strachan, Hew. The First World War: Volume I: To Arms (2004) Trask, David F. The United States in the Supreme War Council: American War Aims and Inter-Allied Strategy, 1917–1918 (1961) Tucker Spencer C (1999). The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia. New York: Garland.
In 1900, the British had a 3.7:1 tonnage advantage over Germany; in 1910, the ratio was 2.3:1 and in 1914, it reached 2.1:1. Ferguson argues: "So decisive was the British victory in the naval arms race that it is hard to regard it as in any meaningful sense a cause of the First World War."