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An octreotide scan is a type of SPECT scintigraphy used to find carcinoid, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and to localize sarcoidosis. It is also called somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS). Octreotide , a drug similar to somatostatin , is radiolabeled with indium-111 , [ 1 ] and is injected into a vein and travels through the bloodstream.
Carcinoid syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome comprising the signs and symptoms that occur secondary to neuroendocrine tumors (formerly known as carcinoid tumors). [1] The syndrome is caused by neuroendocrine tumors most often found in the gut releasing biologically active substances into the blood causing symptoms such as flushing and diarrhea, and less frequently, heart failure, vomiting ...
Octreotide is used for the treatment of growth hormone producing tumors (acromegaly and gigantism), when surgery is contraindicated, pituitary tumors that secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropinoma), [citation needed] diarrhea and flushing episodes associated with carcinoid syndrome, and diarrhea in people with vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumors ().
Introduction of a tyrosine into the 3rd position of the Octreotide sequence resulted in Tyr3-Octreotide (TOC, C), which allows for iodination of the tyrosine residue with the γ-emitter 123 I and subsequent somatostatin receptor targeted imaging. For the use in PRRT TOC was coupled with the chelator DOTA, to form the octapeptide DOTA-TOC (D).
Treatments have improved over the past several decades, and outcomes are improving. [49] In malignant carcinoid tumors with carcinoid syndrome, the median survival has improved from two years to more than eight years. [75] Detailed guidelines for managing neuroendocrine tumors are available from ESMO, [76] NCCN [77] and a UK panel. [1]
A carcinoid (also carcinoid tumor) is a slow-growing [1] type of neuroendocrine tumor originating in the cells of the neuroendocrine system. In some cases, metastasis may occur. Carcinoid tumors of the midgut ( jejunum , ileum , appendix , and cecum ) are associated with carcinoid syndrome .
Lanreotide, sold under the brand name Somatuline among others, is a medication used in the management of acromegaly and symptoms caused by neuroendocrine tumors, most notably carcinoid syndrome. It is a long-acting analogue of somatostatin , like octreotide .
68 Ga DOTA-TATE (gallium-68 dotatate, GaTate) is used to measure tumor SSR density and whole-body bio-distribution via PET imaging. [11] [12] 68 Ga DOTA-TATE imagery has a much higher sensitivity and resolution compared to 111 In octreotide gamma camera or SPECT scans, due to intrinsic modality differences. [11]