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  2. Roderick Chisholm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roderick_Chisholm

    Roderick Milton Chisholm (/ ˈtʃɪzəm /; November 27, 1916 – January 19, 1999) [5] was an American philosopher known for his work on epistemology, metaphysics, free will, value theory, deontology, deontic logic and the philosophy of perception. Richard and Fred Feldman, writing in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, remark that he "is ...

  3. Metaphysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics

    Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality. It is often characterized as first philosophy, implying that it is more fundamental than other forms of philosophical inquiry. Metaphysics is traditionally seen as the study of mind-independent features of the world, but some modern theorists understand it as ...

  4. Nicholas Rescher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Rescher

    Philosophical theory of everything, axiogenesis. Nicholas Rescher (/ ˈrɛʃər /; German: [ˈʁɛʃɐ]; 15 July 1928 – 5 January 2024) was a German-born American philosopher, polymath, and author, who was a professor of philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh from 1961. He was chairman of the Center for Philosophy of Science and chairman ...

  5. Immanuel Kant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant

    Immanuel Kant [a] (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him one of the most influential and controversial figures in modern Western philosophy, being called the "father of modern ...

  6. Philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy

    Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language. It is a rational and critical inquiry that reflects on its own methods and assumptions. Historically, many of the individual sciences, such as physics and ...

  7. History of philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_philosophy

    The theory of forms has had a lasting influence on subsequent views of metaphysics and epistemology. Plato is also considered a pioneer in the field of psychology . He divided the soul into three faculties: reason , spirit , and desire , each responsible for different mental phenomena and interacting in various ways.

  8. P. F. Strawson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._F._Strawson

    The "descriptive metaphysics" and "revisionary metaphysics" distinction [4] Sir Peter Frederick Strawson FBA ( / ˈ s t r ɔː s ən / ; 23 November 1919 – 13 February 2006) was an English philosopher who spent most of his career at the University of Oxford.

  9. Scholasticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholasticism

    Scholasticism is a method of learning more than a philosophy or a theology, since it places a strong emphasis on dialectical reasoning to extend knowledge by inference and to resolve contradictions. Scholastic thought is also known for rigorous conceptual analysis and the careful drawing of distinctions.