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As the name suggests, T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia is characterized by involvement of cytotoxic-T cells). [ 2 ] In a study based in the US, the average age of diagnosis was 66.5 years [ 3 ] whereas in a French study the median age at diagnosis was 59 years (with an age range of 12–87 years old). [ 4 ]
T-cell leukemia describes several different types of lymphoid leukemia which affect T cells. Types include: [1] Large granular lymphocytic leukemia; Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma; T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia; In practice, it can be hard to distinguish T-cell leukemia from T-cell lymphoma, and they are often grouped together.
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL or ATLL) is a rare cancer of the immune system's T-cells [1] [2] [3] caused by human T cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type 1 . [4] All ATL cells contain integrated HTLV-1 provirus further supporting that causal role of the virus in the cause of the neoplasm. [ 4 ]
The T cell variations are usually caused by the prolonged use of T cell suppressant drugs, such as sirolimus, tacrolimus, or ciclosporin. [2] The Epstein-Barr virus , which infects >90% of the world population, is also a common cause of these disorders, being responsible for a wide range of non-malignant, pre-malignant, and malignant Epstein ...
CLL has also been reported to convert into other more aggressive diseases such as lymphoblastic lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, high grade T cell lymphomas, [27] acute myeloid leukemia, [28] lung cancer, brain cancer, melanoma of the eye or skin, [29] [30] salivary gland tumors, and Kaposi's sarcomas. [31]
T-cell-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a mature T-cell leukemia with aggressive behavior and predilection for blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and skin involvement. [1] T-PLL is a very rare leukemia, primarily affecting adults over the age of 30. It represents 2% of all small lymphocytic leukemias in adults. [2]
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