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The scale of dBZ values can be seen along the bottom of the image. dBZ is a logarithmic dimensionless technical unit used in radar. It is mostly used in weather radar, to compare the equivalent reflectivity factor (Z) of a remote object (in mm 6 per m 3) to the return of a droplet of rain with a diameter of 1 mm (1 mm 6 per m 3). [1]
A corner reflector for radar testing. A corner reflector is a retroreflector consisting of three mutually perpendicular, intersecting flat reflective surfaces. It reflects waves incident from any direction directly towards the source, but translated.
Optical cross section (OCS) is a value which describes the maximum amount of optical flux reflected back to the source. [1] The standard unit of measurement is m 2 /sr. OCS is dependent on the geometry and the reflectivity at a particular wavelength of an object.
In the United States NEXRAD network some of these angles are .5, 1.45, 2.4, and 3.35 degrees with the radar having up to 14 angles when it is in Severe Mode. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In the composite reflectivity product, the highest intensities among those available on the different angles above each point in the image will be displayed.
Radar cross-section (RCS), denoted σ, also called radar signature, is a measure of how detectable an object is by radar. A larger RCS indicates that an object is more easily detected. [1] An object reflects a limited amount of radar energy back to the source. The factors that influence this include: [1] the material with which the target is made;
Princeton university engineers have created a type of Doppler radar, typically used to catch speeding cars, that bounces radio waves off stationary objects to effectively “see” around corners ...
Water is almost 4 times more reflective than ice but droplets are much smaller than snow flakes or hail stones. So the backscattering is dependent on a mix of these two factors. The strongest backscatter comes from hail and large graupel (solid ice) due to their sizes, but non-Rayleigh (Mie scattering) effects can confuse interpretation.
However, since humans reflect far less radar energy than metal does, these systems require sophisticated technology to isolate human targets and moreover to process any sort of detailed image. Through-the-wall radars can be made with Ultra Wideband impulse radar, micro-Doppler radar, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR). [5] Imaging radar; 3D radar