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Antibiotic treatment only has a marginal effect on the duration of symptoms, ... Campylobacter is one of the most common causes of human bacterial gastroenteritis. [13]
In some countries, Campylobacter jejuni is the primary cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, with half of these cases associated with exposure to poultry. [19] In children, bacteria are the cause in about 15% of cases, with the most common types being Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter species. [13]
E. coli is a bacterium that is normally found in the human intestine, but some strains of bacteria can cause illness and infection. [ citation needed ] Subgroups of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are the following: enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli ...
Levofloxacin is also used as antibiotic eye drops to prevent bacterial infection. Usage of levofloxacin eye drops, along with an antibiotic injection of cefuroxime or penicillin during cataract surgery , has been found to lower the chance of developing endophthalmitis , compared to eye drops or injections alone.
The outer membrane surrounding the cell wall provides a barrier to certain antibiotics, such that E. coli is not damaged by penicillin. [16] The flagella which allow the bacteria to swim have a peritrichous arrangement. [22] It also attaches and effaces to the microvilli of the intestines via an adhesion molecule known as intimin. [23]
A study published in the journal Science in August 2007 found the rate of adaptative mutations in E. coli is "on the order of 10 −5 per genome per generation, which is 1,000 times as high as previous estimates," a finding which may have significance for the study and management of bacterial antibiotic resistance.